Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Deep learning fusion of multi-channel imaging from polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Same author

Integration of nested cross-validation, automated hyperparameter optimization, high-performance computing to reduce and quantify the variance of test performance estimation of deep learning models.

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine·2025

Same author

Goal-direct analgesia: can analgesia nociception index effectively reduce intra-operative opioids?

European journal of anaesthesiology·2025

Same author

Reversal Of Neuro-Muscular-Blockade in End-Stage Renal Disease: Can One Study Build Evidence for "ROME?"

Anesthesia and analgesia·2024

Same author

Systemic mapping of organ plasma extravasation at multiple stages of chronic heart failure.

Frontiers in physiology·2023

Same author

Elevations in End-Tidal CO 2 With CO 2 Use During Pediatric Endoscopy With Airway Protection: Is This Physiologically Significant?

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Safe general anesthesia in a hyperkalemic infant.

Mohanad Shukry¹, Alberto J De Armendi

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. mohanad-shukry@ouhsc.edu

Paediatric Anaesthesia

|September 25, 2008

Summary

This study shows that general anesthesia is safe for hyperkalemic patients when hyperkalemia treatment begins before and during surgery. Avoiding hyperkalemia-inducing agents is crucial for patient safety during procedures.

More Related Videos

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Implantation of Electroencephalogram and Electrocardiogram Telemetry Devices in Neonatal Rabbit Kits

Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Nephrology
Anesthesiology

Background:

Hyperkalemia, a critical condition characterized by elevated potassium levels, poses significant risks in pediatric patients, particularly those with renal failure.
Management of severe hyperkalemia often necessitates intensive care and may require invasive procedures like dialysis catheter insertion.
The safety of general anesthesia in hyperkalemic pediatric patients undergoing surgery has been a concern due to the potential for cardiac complications.

Observation:

A 10-day-old infant with hyperkalemia and renal failure required emergent dialysis catheter insertion in the operating room.
Hyperkalemia treatment was initiated and continued throughout the surgical procedure under general anesthesia.
Despite a potassium blood level of 8.1 mEq x l(-1), the patient did not exhibit cardiac signs or symptoms associated with hyperkalemia during or after surgery.

Findings:

General anesthesia can be safely administered to pediatric patients with hyperkalemia.
Proactive and continuous management of hyperkalemia before and during surgery is essential for preventing adverse cardiac events.
Avoiding anesthetic agents or medications known to induce or exacerbate hyperkalemia is a critical safety measure.

Implications:

This case highlights the feasibility and safety of performing necessary surgical interventions in hyperkalemic pediatric patients.
It supports the integration of anesthesiology and critical care protocols for managing complex pediatric cases involving electrolyte imbalances.
Findings suggest that with appropriate precautions, hyperkalemia does not necessarily preclude the use of general anesthesia for essential procedures.