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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
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Published on: January 3, 2025

Cell adhesion molecules and ischemic stroke.

Gokhan Yilmaz1, D Neil Granger

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.

Neurological Research
|October 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting adhesion molecules in ischemic stroke shows promise in animal models but has failed in human trials. Further research into humanized antibodies or non-immunogenic agents is needed for effective stroke therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Adhesion molecules play a critical role in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke.
  • Leukocyte and platelet recruitment to the cerebral microvasculature is mediated by specific adhesion molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of cell surface adhesion molecules in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting adhesion molecules for stroke treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was conducted using keywords related to stroke and adhesion molecules.
  • Analysis of experimental data from animal models of ischemic stroke investigating the effects of immunoblockade or genetic deletion of adhesion molecules.

Main Results:

  • Beta2-integrins, ICAM, and P-selectin are key in recruiting leukocytes and platelets to the post-ischemic brain.
  • Targeting these adhesion molecules reduced infarct volume, edema, and mortality in animal models.
  • Anti-adhesion agents showed potential in extending the therapeutic window for thrombolysis in experimental stroke.

Conclusions:

  • While animal studies show promise, clinical trials targeting adhesion molecules in ischemic stroke have yielded inadequate results.
  • Failed clinical trials were attributed to host immune reactions against antibody-based therapies.
  • Future research should focus on humanized antibodies or non-immunogenic agents to overcome immune responses and improve therapeutic efficacy, especially in conjunction with thrombolytic therapy.