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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Noncoding RNA in development.

Paulo P Amaral1, John S Mattick

  • 1Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. p.amaral@imb.uq.edu.au

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|October 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in complex organisms. These noncoding sequences play a major role in controlling development and epigenetic trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Non-protein-coding sequences constitute an increasing proportion of genomes in complex multicellular organisms.
  • Most of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, suggesting regulatory roles.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in regulating gene expression at multiple levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant role of noncoding RNAs in the genomic programming of multicellular organisms.
  • To explore the involvement of ncRNAs in differentiation and development, focusing on specific animal systems.
  • To underscore the vast, understudied regulatory potential of ncRNAs in epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing evidence on noncoding RNA function.
  • Focus on specific examples in animal germline, brain, and eye development.
  • Analysis of the relationship between ncRNA abundance and organismal complexity.

Main Results:

  • Non-protein-coding sequences, particularly ncRNAs, are dominant and dynamic genomic components in complex organisms.
  • ncRNAs regulate diverse gene expression levels, including homeotic gene activity and chromatin remodeling.
  • ncRNAs are integral to developmental processes across eukaryotes, exemplified in animal germline, brain, and eye.

Conclusions:

  • A vast, largely uncharacterized repertoire of regulatory ncRNAs constitutes the majority of genomic programming in multicellular life.
  • ncRNAs are key players in controlling epigenetic trajectories essential for organismal development (ontogeny).
  • Further systematic study of ncRNAs is critical to understanding their full regulatory capacity.