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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Group comparisons: imaging the aging brain.

Gregory R Samanez-Larkin1, Mark D'Esposito

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA 94305-2130, USA. glarkin@stanford.edu

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|October 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) group comparisons require caution. Researchers must carefully consider methodological issues, especially in healthy aging neuroimaging studies, to ensure valid results.

Keywords:
ROIagingfunctional magnetic resonance imaginggroup studieshemodynamicsspatial normalization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly used for group comparisons across diverse fields.
  • Commonly compared groups include clinical patients versus healthy controls, and different age groups (e.g., children vs. young adults, younger vs. older adults).
  • Despite methodological advancements, critical suggestions for addressing group comparison challenges are frequently overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for caution when conducting group comparisons using fMRI data.
  • To review common methodological issues encountered in fMRI group studies.
  • To emphasize the importance of implementing suggested solutions, particularly in neuroimaging studies of healthy aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and methodological considerations in fMRI group analysis.
  • Focus on challenges specific to comparing neural activity between distinct populations.
  • Application of principles to studies examining healthy aging.

Main Results:

  • Group comparisons in fMRI studies are prone to significant methodological pitfalls.
  • Overlooked suggestions for mitigating these issues can lead to invalid conclusions.
  • The review underscores the necessity of rigorous methodological application for reliable findings.

Conclusions:

  • Extreme caution is warranted when interpreting fMRI group comparison results.
  • Researchers must actively address and implement methodological best practices to ensure the validity of findings, especially in aging research.
  • Failure to do so can compromise the scientific integrity of neuroimaging studies.