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Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Quantum semi-Markov processes.

Heinz-Peter Breuer1, Bassano Vacchini

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces non-Markovian master equations for open quantum systems with memory effects, generalizing classical semi-Markov processes. These new quantum processes offer a framework for analyzing complex quantum dynamics in various physical systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Open quantum systems often exhibit Markovian dynamics, simplifying analysis but neglecting memory effects.
  • Strong memory effects are crucial in many quantum systems, impacting their evolution and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for describing non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems.
  • To introduce a quantum generalization of semi-Markov processes to model strong memory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a large class of non-Markovian master equations.
  • Formulation of general conditions for complete positivity of quantum dynamical maps.
  • Quantum generalization of classical semi-Markov processes.

Main Results:

  • A new class of non-Markovian quantum dynamical maps has been established.
  • Conditions for complete positivity ensure the physical validity of the described quantum processes.
  • The framework accommodates systems with significant memory effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-Markovian master equations provide a powerful tool for studying open quantum systems with memory.
  • The approach is applicable to diverse physical scenarios, including quantum optics and quantum transport.
  • This work advances the understanding of quantum dynamics beyond the Markovian approximation.