Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

526
Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
526
Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

13.1K
A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
13.1K
Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

94.6K
A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
94.6K
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds

20.4K

Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons...
20.4K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

87.9K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
87.9K
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

4.2K
Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Matrix-Weighted Networks for Modeling Multidimensional Dynamics: Theoretical Foundations and Applications to Network Coherence.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Swarm systems as a platform for open-ended evolutionary dynamics.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2025
Same author

Self-Reproduction and Evolution in Cellular Automata: 25 Years After Evoloops.

Artificial life·2024
Same author

Editorial: Special Issue "The Distributed Ghost"-Cellular Automata, Distributed Dynamical Systems, and Their Applications to Intelligence.

Artificial life·2024
Same author

Collective group drift in a partial-differential-equation-based opinion dynamics model with biased perception kernels.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Generation and influence of eccentric ideas on social networks.

Scientific reports·2023
Same journal

If Turing Played Piano With an Artificial Partner.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

Discovering Partial Differential Equations With Neural Cellular Automata.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

Book Review: Exploring the Boundaries of Life-as-It-Is.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

System 0/1/2/3: Quad-Process Theory for Multitimescale Embodied Collective Cognitive Systems.

Artificial life·2025
Same journal

To Engineer an Angel, First Validate the Devil: Analyzing the "Could Be" in Artificial Life's "Life as-It-Could-Be".

Artificial life·2025
Same journal

Untapped Potential in Self-Optimization of Hopfield Networks: The Creativity of Unsupervised Learning.

Artificial life·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response
06:26

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response

Published on: May 23, 2020

8.7K

Swarm chemistry.

Hiroki Sayama1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA. sayama@binghamton.edu

Artificial Life
|October 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce swarm chemistry, a novel artificial chemistry framework. This approach uses artificial swarm populations as reactants, enabling emergent collective behaviors and pattern formation without predefined rules.

More Related Videos

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro
11:21

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro

Published on: February 16, 2020

5.4K
Preparation, Imaging, and Quantification of Bacterial Surface Motility Assays
07:35

Preparation, Imaging, and Quantification of Bacterial Surface Motility Assays

Published on: April 7, 2015

24.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 19, 2025

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response
06:26

Time-lapse Imaging of Bacterial Swarms and the Collective Stress Response

Published on: May 23, 2020

8.7K
Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro
11:21

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro

Published on: February 16, 2020

5.4K
Preparation, Imaging, and Quantification of Bacterial Surface Motility Assays
07:35

Preparation, Imaging, and Quantification of Bacterial Surface Motility Assays

Published on: April 7, 2015

24.9K

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Chemistry
  • Complex Systems
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Traditional artificial chemistry relies on predefined reaction rules.
  • Understanding emergent behavior in chemical systems is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce swarm chemistry, a new framework for artificial chemistry.
  • To explore emergent collective behavior and pattern formation in chemical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a prototype interactive simulation tool.
  • Utilized an interactive evolutionary method to explore swarm chemistry dynamics.
  • Investigated kinetic interactions between multiple chemical species.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated spontaneous segregation of distinct chemical species.
  • Observed emergent production and restriction of movements.
  • Showcased interactive design of complex, biological-looking structures.

Conclusions:

  • Swarm chemistry offers a novel approach to artificial chemistry.
  • Emergent collective behavior drives reactions and pattern formation.
  • The framework facilitates the exploration and design of complex chemical systems.