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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model
Published on: September 27, 2024
Radiopacity and histological assessment of Portland cement plus bismuth oxide
Tauby Coutinho-Filho1, Gustavo De-Deus, Leila Klein
1Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Objective:
The present study evaluated the subcutaneous connective tissue reactions and the radiopacity of MTA, Portland cement (PC), and Portland cement plus bismuth oxide (BO).
Study Design:
Forty rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 8 per group): A1: Control (empty capsule); A2: Pro-Root MTA; A3: PC; A4: PC + BO 1:1; and A5: PC + BO 2:1. Polyethylene tubes were filled with the test materials and standardized radiographic images were taken. Histological evaluation was done after 7 and 60 days. Student t test and Fisher's test were used in the statistical analysis (P < .05).
Results:
The radiopacity of the materials were in decreasing order: A2 > A4 > A5 > A3. No differences were found for the tissue response in the 2 experimental periods. A positive correlation between BO concentration and radiopacity of PC was determined.
Conclusion:
The histological evaluation suggests that all studied materials were biocompatible at 7 and 60 days.
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