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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Immunotherapy for advanced melanoma.

Lei Fang¹, Anke S Lonsdorf¹, Sam T Hwang¹

¹Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology

|October 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy shows promise for melanoma, with lymphodepletion enhancing T cell persistence and response rates nearing 50%. Balancing efficacy with immune system reconstitution remains a key challenge.

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Dermatology

Background:

Melanoma immunotherapy has evolved significantly from early high-dose IL-2 treatments.
Current research focuses on enhancing antitumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for boosting patient antitumor immunity in melanoma.
To evaluate the efficacy of vaccination, immune-augmenting agents, and adoptive cell transfer.

Main Methods:

Discussion of vaccination strategies.
Review of agents that augment host immunity.
Analysis of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) protocols, including lymphodepletion.

Main Results:

Vaccination and immune-augmenting agents show limited clinical success.
Adoptive cell transfer following lymphodepletion achieves objective response rates near 50%.
Lymphodepletion is critical for maintaining circulating antitumor T cells post-ACT.

Conclusions:

Adoptive cell transfer, particularly with lymphodepletion, offers significant promise for melanoma treatment.
Challenges remain in balancing antitumor efficacy, autoimmunity, and immune system reconstitution.