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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of these...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:

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A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
11:36

A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood

Published on: April 28, 2016

Gut hormones and appetite control.

S Hameed1, W S Dhillo, S R Bloom

  • 1Department of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

Oral Diseases
|October 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gastrointestinal tract, the body's largest endocrine organ, releases peptide hormones that regulate appetite. Understanding these gut hormones offers potential treatments for obesity and calorie deficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal tract functions as the largest endocrine organ, secreting over 20 peptide hormones.
  • These hormones play crucial roles in local regulation and modulating appetite and satiety.
  • The global rise in obesity underscores the urgency of understanding food intake regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gastrointestinal peptide hormones in regulating appetite and satiety.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-brain axis for obesity treatment.
  • To examine the application of entero-endocrine system knowledge for managing calorie-deficient states.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing rodent and human studies on gut peptide hormones and appetite.
  • Analysis of research on the gut-brain axis and its manipulation.
  • Exploration of entero-endocrine system mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal peptide hormones significantly influence appetite and satiety.
  • Evidence supports the therapeutic manipulation of the gut-brain axis for obesity.
  • The entero-endocrine system presents potential targets for treating eating disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal peptide hormones are key regulators of appetite and satiety.
  • Targeting the gut-brain axis offers promising therapeutic strategies for obesity.
  • Further research into the entero-endocrine system can inform treatments for both over- and under-nutrition.