Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
05:54
Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
Zygomatic arch deformation: an anatomic and clinical study.
Marcin Czerwinski1, Stephanie Ma, H Bruce Williams
1The Craniofacial Center, Dallas, TX, USA. marcin.czerwinski@mail.mcgill.ca
Summary
Zygomatic arch deformation without fracture is an elastic injury pattern seen in 19% of zygoma injuries. This finding may reduce the need for surgery and hardware fixation in certain patients.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Trauma Surgery
- Anatomy
Background:
- Zygomatic arch trauma typically results in three distinct fracture patterns.
- An additional, previously unidentified injury pattern involves significant axial plane bending without fracture.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize a novel injury pattern of zygomatic arch deformation without fracture.
- To compare the demographic characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with and without zygomatic arch fractures.
Main Methods:
- Computed tomography (CT) scans analyzed arch bending in patients with deformation without fracture.
- Patients were categorized into 'arch deformation without fracture' and 'arch fracture' groups.
- Postoperative CT scans compared zygoma repair accuracy using the Gillies' technique in both groups.
Main Results:
- Arch bending most commonly occurred in the middle and posterior thirds, averaging 11 degrees.
- Post-Gillies' repair, residual arch deformation averaged 2 degrees.
- Patients with arch deformation without fracture were significantly younger (24 yrs vs 42 yrs) and achieved near anatomic realignment.
Conclusions:
- Zygomatic arch deformation without fracture accounts for 19% of zygoma injuries and is likely elastic.
- This injury pattern may reduce the need for coronal exposure and hardware fixation.
- Anatomic repair and stability can be achieved without surgical intervention in some cases.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
01:22Sutures of the Skull
The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
01:21Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section
When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
01:27Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
01:11Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...