Experience with AO reconstruction plates after partial mandibular resection involving its continuity

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Surgical Oncology
• Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

• Malignant tumors frequently necessitate mandible resection, creating significant continuity defects.
• Reconstruction of these defects is crucial for restoring function and aesthetics.
• The use of non-biological reconstruction plates without primary bone grafting is a common approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy and complication rates of reconstruction plates used without primary bone grafting in patients undergoing mandible resection for malignant tumors.
• To identify factors influencing the success and failure of these plates.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective review of 52 patients who underwent mandible resection and reconstruction with 54 plates without primary bone grafts.
• Analysis of complication types, incidence, and management.
• Assessment of plate survival rates and reasons for removal.

Main Results:

• Complications occurred in 27 cases (50%), including infection/dehiscence (20), soft tissue perforation (1), screw loosening (2), and plate fracture (4).
• Adjuvant therapies did not impact complication rates.
• Seventeen plates (31.5%) required premature removal due to complications.
• Thirty-seven plates (68.5%) remained in situ, with varying durations.

Conclusions:

• Reconstruction plates are a viable option for mandibular defects after tumor resection.
• Careful surgical technique, particularly regarding application and soft tissue coverage, is essential to minimize complications.
• Further research into optimizing plate design and surgical protocols may improve long-term outcomes.