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¹Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.

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Summary

A new sequential injection (SI) titration method accurately analyzes sulfuric acid in copper plant effluent. This automated system offers a reliable and efficient alternative for environmental monitoring of industrial wastewater.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Science
Industrial Chemistry

Background:

Electrorefining copper plants generate process effluent containing sulfuric acid.
Accurate monitoring of sulfuric acid levels is crucial for environmental compliance and process control.
Traditional analytical methods may be time-consuming or require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a sequential injection (SI) titration system for the analysis of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in copper plant effluent.
To optimize the SI titration parameters for accurate and efficient determination of sulfuric acid concentrations.
To compare the performance of the SI titration method with a standard potentiometric method.

Main Methods:

A sequential injection (SI) titration system was designed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the titrant.
Bromothymol blue was used as the indicator, with endpoint detection via spectrophotometry at 620 nm.
Carrier stream flow rate, zone volumes, and titrant concentration were optimized to establish the linear range.

Main Results:

The SI titration method demonstrated a linear relationship between peak width and the logarithm of sulfuric acid concentration (0.006-0.178 mol L-1).
Optimized conditions yielded a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 0.75%.
The system achieved a sample throughput of 23 samples per hour.

Conclusions:

The developed SI titration system provides an accurate and efficient method for analyzing sulfuric acid in industrial effluent.
The method shows good agreement with standard potentiometric techniques, offering a viable alternative for process monitoring.
The automated nature and high sample frequency make this SI titration system suitable for routine analysis in copper electrorefining plants.