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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Development of working memory maintenance.

Charles F Geier1, Krista Garver, Robert Terwilliger

  • 1Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 121 Meyran Ave., Loeffler Bldg., Rm. 113, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. geiercf@upmc.edu

Journal of Neurophysiology
|October 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain networks for visual spatial working memory (VSWM) mature through adolescence. While core circuitry is present in childhood, distinct developmental changes refine VSWM precision and recruitment across delay periods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual spatial working memory (VSWM) neural circuitry is understood in adults and primates.
  • Developmental changes in adolescent VSWM brain networks remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental changes in brain mechanisms supporting VSWM across different delay periods.
  • To characterize age-related differences in functional MRI (fMRI) recruitment during a visual spatial working memory task.

Main Methods:

  • A fast event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study.
  • Forty-three healthy subjects (children, adolescents, adults) performed an oculomotor delayed response (ODR) task with short (2.5s) and long (10s) delay periods.

Main Results:

  • All age groups utilized a common core network (frontal, parietal, temporal regions) for VSWM.
  • Age-related differences emerged in recruitment for short delays (fronto-caudal areas) and long delays (adults: PPC; children/adolescents: distributed circuitry).
  • Evidence suggests ongoing refinement of fronto-insular-temporal regions in adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Basic VSWM brain processes are established by childhood.
  • Distinct developmental trajectories exist for VSWM circuitry, impacting memory precision and network recruitment.
  • Adolescence shows continued refinement of brain networks supporting VSWM.