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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
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Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Subviral Agents01:29

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Antiprotozoal Agents

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Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Etravirine.

Emma D Deeks1, Gillian M Keating

  • 1Wolters Kluwer Health, Adis, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|November 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Etravirine, a potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), effectively suppressed HIV-1 RNA in treatment-experienced patients with NNRTI resistance. This next-generation NNRTI demonstrated sustained efficacy and a favorable safety profile in clinical trials.

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Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Published on: May 9, 2025

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Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase
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Interview: HIV-1 Proviral DNA Excision Using an Evolved Recombinase

Published on: June 16, 2008

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • HIV-1 treatment requires effective antiretroviral therapies, particularly for patients with drug resistance.
  • Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are a key component of HIV-1 treatment regimens.
  • Emergence of NNRTI resistance necessitates the development of novel agents with improved activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etravirine in treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients with NNRTI resistance.
  • To compare etravirine plus background therapy (BT) versus placebo plus BT in achieving viral load suppression.
  • To assess the long-term maintenance of efficacy and tolerability of etravirine.

Main Methods:

  • Two large, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III trials (DUET-1 and DUET-2) were conducted.
  • Participants were treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 and documented NNRTI resistance.
  • Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at 24 weeks.

Main Results:

  • A significantly greater proportion of patients receiving etravirine plus BT achieved viral load <50 copies/mL and <400 copies/mL compared to placebo plus BT.
  • Etravirine plus BT resulted in significantly greater mean reductions in viral load and increases in CD4+ cell counts from baseline.
  • Efficacy was maintained at 48 weeks, with etravirine generally well tolerated and exhibiting a similar safety profile to placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Etravirine is an effective and well-tolerated NNRTI for treatment-experienced HIV-1 patients with NNRTI resistance.
  • Etravirine offers a valuable therapeutic option for managing drug-resistant HIV-1 infection.
  • The development of resistance to etravirine appears to be lower than with earlier-generation NNRTIs.