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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Gregory S Fischer1, Axel Krieger, Iulian Iordachita

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Pneumatic cylinder actuators maintain MRI signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during imaging. Ultrasonic motors show moderate to significant SNR loss, with suitability dependent on motion interleaving with imaging cycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • MRI-compatible actuators are crucial for image-guided interventions and robotic procedures.
  • Evaluating actuator impact on MRI signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is essential for clinical translation.
  • Different actuator types (ultrasonic, pneumatic) may have varying effects on image quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally evaluate the impact of three MRI-compatible actuators on MRI image SNR.
  • To compare the performance of ultrasonic motors (Shinsei, Nanomotion) and a pneumatic cylinder actuator.
  • To assess SNR under varying conditions, including controller placement and MRI field strength (1.5T, 3T).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evaluation of pneumatic cylinder, Nanomotion ultrasonic motor, and Shinsei ultrasonic motor.
  • Measurement of SNR in MRI images acquired under different actuator operation modes.
  • Testing with controllers placed inside and outside the scanner room.
  • Utilizing both 1.5T and 3T MRI scanners.

Main Results:

  • Pneumatic cylinders demonstrated no loss of SNR, regardless of controller location.
  • The Nanomotion motor exhibited a moderate SNR loss during active motion.
  • The Shinsei motor was unsuitable for use during continuous imaging due to significant SNR degradation.
  • All tested actuators could be used if motion was interleaved with imaging cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumatic actuators are a viable option for MRI-guided procedures requiring motion without compromising image quality.
  • Ultrasonic motors require careful consideration of motion timing to mitigate SNR reduction.
  • The choice of actuator depends on the specific application's requirements for motion and acceptable SNR levels in MRI.