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Related Concept Videos

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft01:23

Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft

Effective lubrication between a rotating shaft and its bearing housing is essential in rotating machinery to minimize friction, wear, and energy loss. With carefully controlled thickness and viscosity, the lubricant layer prevents metal-to-metal contact, ensuring smooth operation.
To calculate the required thickness of the lubricant layer, the tangential velocity at the shaft's surface must first be determined. This velocity is calculated by converting the rotational speed to angular velocity...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts01:18

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
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Thickness and the Koffka ring effect.

Abigail E Huang1, Alice J Hon, Eric Lewin Altschuler

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.

Perception
|November 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestalt principles explain visual illusions. A contiguous gray ring on a dual-shaded background appears uniform, but a divided ring shows different shades due to contrast. Thinner rings also appear heterogeneous.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Gestalt Psychology

Background:

  • Kurt Koffka described a visual illusion where a contiguous gray ring on a bipartite background appears homogeneous.
  • The Gestalt principle of continuity traditionally explains this phenomenon.
  • Contrast effects influence perceived object color and uniformity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of ring thickness on the Gestalt continuity illusion.
  • To explore variations of the Koffka ring effect with different background configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Presenting a contiguous gray ring on a background with two distinct gray shades.
  • Systematically varying the thickness of the gray ring.
  • Observing and documenting the perceived homogeneity or heterogeneity of the ring.
  • Illustrating the effect with colored backgrounds and multi-region backgrounds.

Main Results:

  • A thinner contiguous gray ring appears heterogeneous, even on a uniform background.
  • The perceived difference in the ring's halves is influenced by the background's contrast.
  • The Gestalt continuity illusion is modulated by the physical dimensions of the stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • Ring thickness is a critical factor in the perception of the Koffka ring illusion.
  • The Gestalt principle of continuity alone may not fully explain this visual phenomenon.
  • Further research into stimulus properties and background interactions is warranted for understanding visual contrast effects.