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Prognostic models and algorithms in renal cell carcinoma.
Brian R Lane1, Michael W Kattan
1Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
The Urologic Clinics of North America
|November 11, 2008
Summary
Identifying prognostic factors and using nomograms can improve patient counseling and treatment planning for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These tools help predict recurrence and progression for localized and advanced kidney cancer.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Surgical treatment is curative for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
- 25% of patients present with locally advanced or disseminated disease.
- 20-30% of localized RCC cases recur systemically post-surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major prognostic factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
- To discuss commonly used algorithms and nomograms for RCC prognosis.
- To aid in patient counseling and treatment planning for kidney cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical, histologic, and molecular prognostic factors in RCC.
- Analysis of established algorithms for pre- and post-nephrectomy risk stratification.
- Evaluation of nomograms for predicting RCC recurrence, progression, and survival.
Main Results:
- Numerous factors influence RCC recurrence risk in localized disease.
- Specific factors predict progression and mortality in metastatic RCC.
- Nomograms provide quantitative risk assessment for kidney cancer patients.
Conclusions:
- Prognostic factors and nomograms enhance clinical decision-making for RCC.
- Accurate patient counseling regarding clinical course is facilitated.
- Improved treatment planning for renal cell carcinoma is achievable.
