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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
The Retina01:32

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Visual neuroscience: retinotopy meets percept-otopy?

Alexander C Huk1

  • 1Neurobiology and Center for Perceptual Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78715, USA. huk@mail.utexas.edu

Current Biology : CB
|November 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Visual illusions impacting perceived size also alter brain activity maps in the primary visual cortex. These brain maps may represent perceived object size, not just physical size.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The primary visual cortex (V1) in mammals creates a spatial map of visual input.
  • Understanding how V1 represents visual information is crucial for deciphering brain function.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the relationship between visual illusions, perceived size, and neural activity patterns in the primary visual cortex.
  • Findings suggest that V1 representations are modulated by subjective visual experiences, such as illusions altering perceived size.

Key Insights:

  • Neural representations in the primary visual cortex appear to correlate with perceived size, influenced by visual illusions.
  • Spatial activity patterns within V1 may encode subjective visual perception rather than solely objective stimulus properties.

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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

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Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
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Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
07:08

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

Published on: January 10, 2019

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

Published on: September 22, 2017

Outlook:

  • Future research could explore the mechanisms by which perceived size influences V1 activity.
  • This work opens avenues for understanding the neural basis of visual illusions and subjective perception.