Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brain-on-a-Chip and Blood-Brain Barrier-on-a-Chip Modeling for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Recent Progress.

The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry·2026
Same author

Elevated serum levels of interleukin-11 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Rationale for the Use of 8-Aminoguanine for the Management of Cystitis.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association·2026
Same author

The Great Debates: De-Escalation of Standardized Testing in Medical Education (USMLE Pass/Fail, De-Emphasizing Shelf Exams and ABSITE Scores) Has Been a Positive Evolution in Medical Education.

The American surgeon·2026
Same author

Natural Molecules for Brain Health and Resilience.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Neuroimmune Regulation of Microvascular Inflammation: The Heart-Brain Axis, Mast Cells, and the Protective Role of Flavonoids-A Comprehensive Review.

Biomedicines·2026
Same journal

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for pediatric ulcerative colitis.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

The rise and fall of TRPV1-targeted analgesia in osteoarthritis: a critical appraisal.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Dopamine transporter and beyond: evolving targets and combination strategies in stimulant use disorder.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

GnRH antagonists for the treatment of fibroids and adenomyosis, current evidence and future perspectives.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Current advances in pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
11:46

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Published on: April 27, 2014

Interstitial cystitis: bladder pain and beyond.

Theoharis C Theoharides1, Kristine Whitmore, Edward Stanford

  • 1Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Experimental Therapeutics 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. theoharis.theoharides@tufts.edu

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|November 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) causes chronic pelvic pain and impacts quality of life. While no new treatments have emerged, research into comorbidities, neurogenic inflammation, and stress offers new therapeutic targets for this bladder condition.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation
09:49

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

Published on: August 13, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
11:46

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Published on: April 27, 2014

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation
09:49

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

Published on: August 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder condition causing pain, pressure, and discomfort, primarily in women.
  • Diagnosis is by exclusion, and IC is recognized as a disabling medical condition.
  • Symptoms include daytime frequency and nocturia, often relieved by urination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC).
  • To emphasize new pathogenetic trends and therapeutic modalities for IC.
  • To highlight the need for effective treatments and potential research areas.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of 713 papers from 1990 to August 2008.
  • Analysis focused on original papers, with authors independently reviewing the literature.
  • Limited large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were available, complicating definitive conclusions.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests comorbidities, neurogenic inflammation, and stress as potential pathophysiological targets.
  • No novel effective treatments have been identified.
  • Existing treatments like oral pentosanpolysulfate, amitriptyline, hydroxyzine, quercetin, and intravesical solutions show variable success.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial cystitis significantly impacts quality of life and contributes to chronic pelvic pain.
  • Investigating oral or intravesical sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, and quercetin may help reduce inflammation and replenish the glycosaminoglycan layer.
  • There is a critical need for new therapeutic modalities and further translational research in IC.