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Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
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Refractive errors and schizophrenia.

Asaf Caspi1, Tali Vishne, Abraham Reichenberg

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. acaspi@netvision.net.il

Schizophrenia Research
|November 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent refractive errors, such as myopia and amblyopia, are linked to a reduced risk of developing schizophrenia. This association appears to have a genetic component, suggesting shared underlying factors.

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Published on: September 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, amblyopia) and schizophrenia share strong genetic underpinnings.
  • Dopamine is a potential mediator in the pathophysiology of both conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adolescent refractive errors and schizophrenia.
  • To explore the familiality of this observed association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 678,674 males assessed at age 17 by the Israeli Draft Board.
  • Followed participants for psychiatric hospitalization with schizophrenia using the Israeli National Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry.
  • Identified sib-ships within the cohort to assess familial links.

Main Results:

  • A negative association was found between adolescent refractive errors and later schizophrenia hospitalization (adjusted Hazard Ratio=.55).
  • Individuals with refractive errors were half as likely to be hospitalized for schizophrenia, controlling for intelligence, education, and socioeconomic status.
  • Non-schizophrenic siblings of schizophrenia patients also showed a lower prevalence of refractive errors.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent refractive errors are associated with a decreased risk of schizophrenia.
  • The familial nature of this association suggests a potential shared genetic liability between refractive errors and schizophrenia.