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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
19:32

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol

Published on: February 18, 2012

Brain cooling for preterm infants.

Alistair Jan Gunn1, Laura Bennet

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. aj.gunn@auckland.ac.nz

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild hypothermia shows promise in reducing brain injury and improving outcomes after cardiac arrest. Further research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in vulnerable preterm infants.

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Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
05:00

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Published on: March 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Severe hypoxia-ischemia can cause significant neuronal loss and long-term disability.
  • Cerebral hypothermia has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in term infants and adults post-cardiac arrest.
  • The potential benefits and risks of hypothermia in preterm infants with brain injury are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for mild to moderate hypothermia's protective effects in preterm brain injury models.
  • To evaluate the potential risks associated with induced hypothermia in this population.
  • To assess the potential of hypothermia to reduce disability in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on hypothermia and preterm brain injury.
  • Analysis of preclinical models investigating neuroprotection and risks.
  • Evaluation of data regarding behavioral recovery and neuronal loss.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence supports hypothermia's efficacy in reducing neuronal loss and improving outcomes after hypoxia-ischemia in other populations.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests mild to moderate hypothermia may be protective in preterm brain injury models.
  • Potential risks need careful consideration and further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Induced hypothermia holds significant potential for reducing disability in preterm infants.
  • Cautious, systematic clinical trials are essential before widespread adoption in vulnerable infants.
  • Further research is required to establish optimal protocols and confirm safety and efficacy.