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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Imaging the brain during sniffing: a pilot fMRI study.

Blaz Koritnik1, Sheba Azam, Chris M Andrew

  • 1Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. blaz.koritnik@kclj.si

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) directly visualizes brain activity during sniffing. This study reveals a bilateral sensorimotor network involved in voluntary respiratory control and olfaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Voluntary sniffing offers indirect insights into respiratory control mechanisms.
  • Functional neuroimaging, specifically fMRI, enables direct visualization of brain activity during voluntary actions like sniffing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly visualize human brain activity during sniffing using event-related fMRI.
  • To identify the cortical and subcortical brain networks involved in the voluntary act of sniffing.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on 11 healthy volunteers during voluntary sniffing.
  • Simultaneous measurements of nasal pressure and chest movements were recorded.
  • Statistical parametric mapping was used to analyze brain activation patterns correlated with sniffing.

Main Results:

  • A bilateral cortical and subcortical sensorimotor network was activated during sniffing.
  • Activations were observed in areas including the primary sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, insula, basal ganglia, thalami, and olfactory-related cortical areas.
  • The identified network aligns with previously described networks for voluntary inspiration.

Conclusions:

  • Event-related fMRI is a successful tool for studying sniffing.
  • This research provides a novel approach to investigating the central neural control of respiration and olfaction.