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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Perspectives on dyslexia.

Linda S Siegel1

  • 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Paediatrics & Child Health
|November 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Dyslexia is a reading disability affecting word decoding speed and accuracy. This neurological condition has a genetic basis and involves cognitive and brain differences, not IQ scores.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Education

Background:

  • Dyslexia is a common reading disability impacting decoding, comprehension, and spelling.
  • Diagnosis relies on reading tests, but performance exists on a continuum.
  • Cognitive challenges include speech perception, phonological processing, and language memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define dyslexia and its diagnostic considerations.
  • To outline the cognitive and neurological underpinnings of dyslexia.
  • To emphasize the role of physicians in early identification and assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria for dyslexia.
  • Examination of cognitive deficits associated with reading disability.
  • Discussion of neurological and genetic factors in dyslexia.
Keywords:
DyslexiaLearning disabilitiesReading disability

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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  • Highlighting physician's role in early detection.

    • Main Results:

    • Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties in word decoding, comprehension, and spelling.
    • Cognitive issues involve phonological awareness, speech perception, and language memory.
    • Dyslexia is a neurological condition with a genetic basis, showing brain abnormalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis is based on reading performance, not IQ.
    • Neurological and genetic factors are key to understanding dyslexia.
    • Early identification by physicians is crucial for intervention and support.