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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
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Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Orthostatic headache without CSF leak.

Andrea N Leep Hunderfund1, Bahram Mokri

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Neurology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Neurology
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orthostatic headaches can occur without a detectable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this condition.

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

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Published on: March 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Orthostatic headache is a debilitating condition often associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.
  • Distinguishing orthostatic headache without CSF leak from other causes is clinically challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical characteristics of orthostatic headache occurring in the absence of a detectable CSF leak.
  • To propose potential underlying mechanisms for this syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records of 125 patients evaluated for orthostatic headache and suspected CSF leak.
  • Inclusion criteria: negative head/spine MRI, normal radioisotope cisternography, CT myelography, and normal recumbent CSF opening pressure.
  • Six patients met the criteria for absence of CSF leak.

Main Results:

  • The study identified six patients with orthostatic headache and no evidence of CSF leak.
  • Patients experienced prolonged symptoms (median 2 years), with five having persistent headaches at follow-up.
  • Cochleovestibular symptoms were common, but autonomic dysfunction was not identified.

Conclusions:

  • Orthostatic headaches can manifest without intracranial hypotension or detectable CSF leak, even with comprehensive testing.
  • Clinical features alone are insufficient to differentiate between orthostatic headache with and without CSF leak.
  • Potential mechanisms include undetected slow/intermittent CSF leaks or increased spinal CSF space compliance.