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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Anaphylactic reaction to camomile tea.

Christian Andres¹, Wen Chieh Chen, Markus Ollert

¹Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University, Munich, Germany. christian.andres@lrz.tum.de

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology

|December 4, 2008

Summary

Severe anaphylaxis from chamomile tea is a rare but serious type-I allergy. This case highlights the potential underestimation of chamomile allergy risks, especially with oral ingestion.

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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Allergology
Immunology
Dermatology

Background:

Type IV allergic reactions, specifically allergic contact dermatitis, to German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) are relatively common.
Anaphylactic reactions to chamomile are infrequently reported in medical literature.

Observation:

A 38-year-old man experienced severe anaphylaxis, including urticaria, angioedema, and dyspnea, within an hour of drinking chamomile tea.
Diagnostic tests revealed elevated total serum IgE, specific IgE against chamomile (4.94 kU/l, class 3), and positive skin prick and labial provocation tests for chamomile.

Findings:

The case confirms a type I hypersensitivity reaction to orally ingested chamomile.
The incidence and risk associated with chamomile allergy, particularly anaphylaxis, may be higher than currently recognized.

Implications:

Patients with confirmed chamomile allergy should be evaluated for cross-reactivity with mugwort and pollen-derived food allergens.
Increased awareness of chamomile's potential to cause severe allergic reactions is warranted for both healthcare providers and the public.