Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...

Steps in the Modeling Process

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...

Introduction to Learning

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...

Hierarchy of Motor Control

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Phase-Specific Microstimulation Differentially Modulates Beta Oscillations and Affects Behavior.

Cell reports·2020

Same author

Tuning Curves for Arm Posture Control in Motor Cortex Are Consistent with Random Connectivity.

PLoS computational biology·2016

Same author

Spatial computation with gamma oscillations.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2014

Same author

A Bayesian approach for characterizing direction tuning curves in the supplementary motor area of behaving monkeys.

Journal of neurophysiology·2013

Same author

Inducing γ oscillations and precise spike synchrony by operant conditioning via brain-machine interface.

Neuron·2013

Same author

Cross-sensory transfer of sensory-motor information: visuomotor learning affects performance on an audiomotor task, using sensory-substitution.

Scientific reports·2012

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Neural basis of sensorimotor learning: modifying internal models.

Hagai Lalazar¹, Eilon Vaadia

¹Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and The Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation (ICNC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. hagai@alice.nc.huji.ac.il

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

|December 5, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are uncovering the brain mechanisms behind internal models for sensorimotor transformations. This study explores how sensorimotor learning modifies these neural models through various experimental tasks and analyzes neuronal activity changes.

More Related Videos

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

Published on: September 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Learning

Background:

Internal models are crucial for sensorimotor transformations.
Sensorimotor learning involves modifying these internal models.
Understanding the neural basis of these models is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying internal models in sensorimotor control.
To discuss how sensorimotor learning modifies these neural representations.
To identify challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on sensorimotor learning and neural plasticity.
Analysis of studies investigating neuronal activity changes during learning.
Exploration of various experimental paradigms used to probe internal models.

Main Results:

Progress has been made in identifying neural changes associated with sensorimotor acquisition and consolidation.
Neuronal activity modifications in cortical and subcortical areas are linked to learning-related changes.
The continuum of tasks reveals different aspects of internal model adaptation.

Conclusions:

The neural basis of internal models for sensorimotor control is increasingly understood.
Sensorimotor learning dynamically modifies these neural representations.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of internal model modification.