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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

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Published on: February 19, 2021

MR relaxation in multiple sclerosis.

A L MacKay1, I M Vavasour, A Rauscher

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. mackay@physics.ubc.ca

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|December 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explains how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times reveal insights into normal brain and spinal cord health and multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times are crucial parameters for tissue characterization.
  • Understanding these times is essential for diagnosing and monitoring neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Previous research has explored relaxation times, but a comprehensive overview linking measurement, influencing factors, and pathological insights is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an accessible explanation of MRI relaxation times.
  • To detail the factors influencing relaxation time measurements.
  • To demonstrate the application of relaxation times in understanding normal brain/spinal cord and MS pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MRI relaxation time measurements.
  • Summarization of studies on relaxation times in healthy human brains and spinal cords.
  • Analysis of studies investigating relaxation times in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Comparison of relaxation time data with other MRI techniques.

Main Results:

  • Relaxation times are influenced by tissue composition, water content, and molecular environment.
  • Distinct relaxation time alterations are observed in the brains and spinal cords of individuals with MS.
  • Relaxation time measurements offer complementary information compared to other MRI methods.

Conclusions:

  • MRI relaxation times provide valuable, specific information about brain and spinal cord tissue.
  • These measurements are instrumental in characterizing normal tissue and identifying pathological changes in multiple sclerosis.
  • Further research comparing relaxation times with other MRI techniques can enhance diagnostic capabilities for MS.