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Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Opioid and other Illicit or Abused Drugs and Environmental Toxins
Tanushree Banerjee1, Mark Oswood2, Can Özütemiz1
1Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Abstract:
Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is characterized by white-matter injury from exposure to drugs, toxins, or environmental agents. Illicit drugs, including opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and nitrous oxide, can cause white and gray matter damage due to lipophilicity, direct toxicity, hypoxia, and vasospasm. Environmental toxins also cause leukoencephalopathy via similar mechanisms. Different agents may manifest with specific imaging findings; therefore, imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment guidance, as most cases have confusing and variable clinical presentations.
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