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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

195.1K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Translational control of gene expression from transcripts to transcriptomes.

Daniel H Lackner1, Jürg Bähler

  • 1Cancer Research, UK.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|December 17, 2008
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression regulation is vital for biological processes. This review details translational control mechanisms and genome-wide analysis approaches for gene expression.

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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is crucial for cellular functions like growth, stress response, and development.
  • Control occurs at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and protein degradation.
  • Translational regulation adds complexity and sophistication to gene expression control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mRNA processing and translation relevant to translational regulation.
  • To discuss established and novel concepts in translational control.
  • To survey genome-wide methods for analyzing translational and posttranscriptional regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mRNA processing and translation.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on translational regulatory mechanisms.
  • Overview of high-throughput techniques for genome-wide analysis.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of mRNA features impacting translation.
  • Comprehensive overview of diverse translational regulatory strategies.
  • Presentation of advanced methods for global analysis of gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Translational regulation is a key layer of gene expression control.
  • Recent advancements enable comprehensive, genome-wide understanding of these processes.
  • Further research using these approaches will deepen insights into biological complexity.