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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

Dipole Moment of a Molecule
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Trimeric liquid crystals assembled using both hydrogen and halogen bonding.

Carsten Präsang1, H Loc Nguyen, Peter N Horton

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK YO10 5DD.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created novel liquid crystals from non-mesomorphic materials. These advanced materials utilize both halogen and hydrogen bonding for self-assembly, opening new possibilities in materials science.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional liquid crystals often rely on rigid, rod-like molecules.
  • Achieving liquid crystalline phases from flexible, non-mesomorphic components presents a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the development of novel liquid crystals.
  • To demonstrate the assembly of non-mesomorphic components into liquid crystalline phases.
  • To investigate the role of halogen and hydrogen bonding in this self-assembly process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing non-mesomorphic organic molecules as building blocks.
  • Employing supramolecular assembly strategies driven by halogen bonding.
  • Employing supramolecular assembly strategies driven by hydrogen bonding.
  • Characterizing the resulting materials to confirm liquid crystalline behavior.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed liquid crystalline phases from components not typically exhibiting mesomorphism.
  • Demonstrated that combined halogen and hydrogen bonding can effectively direct the self-assembly of these components.
  • Characterized the unique structural and dynamic properties of the resultant liquid crystal phases.

Conclusions:

  • Non-mesomorphic components can be controllably assembled into liquid crystals.
  • Halogen and hydrogen bonding are effective supramolecular interactions for creating novel liquid crystals.
  • This approach expands the molecular design space for liquid crystal materials.