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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
08:26

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

Neurologic running injuries.

Kelly A McKean1

  • 1Nike Sports Research Laboratory, Beaverton, OR 97005, USA. kelly.mckean@nike.com

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurologic running injuries are often misdiagnosed. This review covers nerve injuries in runners, including interdigital, tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves, aiding in their diagnosis and treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
08:26

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Published on: October 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Running Biomechanics

Background:

  • Neurologic running injuries represent a small but significant portion of running-related ailments.
  • These injuries may be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as common musculoskeletal issues.
  • Reported nerve injuries in runners involve interdigital, tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of specific neurologic running injuries.
  • To differentiate nerve injuries from more common musculoskeletal injuries in runners.
  • To improve the diagnostic accuracy for nerve-related running ailments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurologic injuries in runners.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for nerve entrapments and neuropathies.
  • Comparison of symptoms and signs of nerve injuries versus musculoskeletal injuries.

Main Results:

  • Commonly affected nerves include interdigital, tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves.
  • Etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic findings for each nerve injury are detailed.
  • Key differences between neurologic and musculoskeletal injuries are highlighted to aid differential diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of neurologic running injuries is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Understanding the distinct characteristics of nerve injuries can prevent misdiagnosis.
  • This review provides a framework for clinicians to identify and manage nerve injuries in runners.