Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation.
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Catalytic receptors.

British journal of pharmacology·2025
Same author

Revisiting soluble guanylate cyclase pharmacology: Additive potential of stimulators and activators.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2025
Same author

Artificial Intelligence and Network Medicine: Path to Precision Medicine.

NEJM AI·2025
Same author

Synergistic Network Pharmacology: Preclinical Validation and Clinical Safety in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2025
Same author

Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study).

JACC. Advances·2025
Same author

Revising EU pharmaceutical legislation: will it foster drug repurposing?

Drug discovery today·2025
Same journal

Endothelial Cell Phenotypic Plasticity in Atherosclerosis.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Endothelial Dysfunction and Neurovascular Alterations in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Molecular Mechanisms of Endothelial Shear Stress Mechanotransduction in Health and Disease.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Microvasculature of the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans in Health and Diabetes.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms of Actions of Physiological, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Dietary Bioactive Inorganic Boron.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
Same journal

BNCT Plus Luminescence: New Paradigm for Boron-Containing Drug Design.

Handbook of experimental pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
07:15

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Published on: July 3, 2025

cGMP in the vasculature.

Barbara Kemp-Harper1, Harald H H W Schmidt

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne (Clayton), VIC, 3800, Australia. barbara.kemp@med.monash.edu.au

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|December 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic guanosine 3

More Related Videos

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses
07:56

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses

Published on: June 8, 2022

Microfluidic Genipin Deposition Technique for Extended Culture of Micropatterned Vascular Muscular Thin Films
12:03

Microfluidic Genipin Deposition Technique for Extended Culture of Micropatterned Vascular Muscular Thin Films

Published on: June 26, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
07:15

Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) in Solid Tissues using Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Published on: July 3, 2025

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses
07:56

Isolation of Intrapulmonary Artery and Smooth Muscle Cells to Investigate Vascular Responses

Published on: June 8, 2022

Microfluidic Genipin Deposition Technique for Extended Culture of Micropatterned Vascular Muscular Thin Films
12:03

Microfluidic Genipin Deposition Technique for Extended Culture of Micropatterned Vascular Muscular Thin Films

Published on: June 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Vascular Physiology

Background:

  • Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is crucial for vascular function.
  • cGMP is generated by guanylate cyclases responding to nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs).
  • cGMP regulates vasomotor tone, permeability, cell growth, and blood cell interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the vascular functions of cGMP.
  • To review the role of cGMP in vascular diseases.
  • To discuss therapeutic applications related to cGMP signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cGMP's role in vascular biology.
  • Analysis of cGMP's involvement in various vascular disorders.
  • Exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting cGMP pathways.

Main Results:

  • cGMP signaling is integral to multiple vascular cell types and functions.
  • Dysfunctional cGMP production or signaling is linked to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications.
  • Reciprocal regulation exists between NO-cGMP and NP-cGMP pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant cGMP signaling contributes to significant vascular pathologies.
  • Understanding cGMP pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.
  • Further research into cGMP signal transduction is warranted for clinical applications.