Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026

07:56
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
MR imaging insights into skeletal maturation: what is normal?
1Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. laor@cchmc.org
Radiology
|December 19, 2008
Summary
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging tracks skeletal growth in children. This review differentiates normal developmental changes from potential abnormalities in pediatric musculoskeletal development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Musculoskeletal Imaging
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Skeletal growth and maturation are complex processes in children.
- Accurate assessment requires differentiating normal development from pathology.
- Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a key tool for visualizing these changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the histologic basis of normal pediatric skeletal development.
- To correlate developmental changes with their appearance on MR imaging.
- To aid in distinguishing normal variations from pathologic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of histologic findings in pediatric skeletal development.
- Analysis of MR imaging features of normal musculoskeletal maturation.
- Comparison of imaging findings with known developmental milestones.
Main Results:
- Normal skeletal development exhibits predictable patterns on MR imaging.
- Specific imaging features represent typical maturation stages.
- Understanding these features is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- MR imaging is effective for documenting pediatric skeletal growth and maturation.
- Familiarity with normal developmental changes on MR imaging is essential.
- This knowledge helps prevent misinterpretation of normal variations as abnormalities.
Related Concept Videos
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Introduction to the Skeletal System
The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
X-ray Imaging
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue
Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

