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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
10:21

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

What do natural antisense transcripts regulate?

Andreas Werner1, Mark Carlile, Daniel Swan

  • 1RNA Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle, UK. andreas.werner@ncl.ac.uk

RNA Biology
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are processed into endo-siRNAs, which may regulate genetic mutations without affecting protein expression. This study identifies specific NATs as key sources of these regulatory small RNAs.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
10:21

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Published on: February 1, 2019

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Up to 72% of genomic loci in humans and mice exhibit transcription from both sense and antisense strands, producing natural antisense transcripts (NATs).
  • The functional significance of NATs remains largely unknown due to a lack of correlation with gene ontology.
  • Recent findings indicate that co-expressed sense transcripts and NATs are processed into small RNAs known as endo-siRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a method for identifying a specific group of NATs based on structural characteristics.
  • To suggest that NATs are a significant biological source of endo-siRNAs.
  • To hypothesize that endo-siRNAs play a crucial role in a regulatory network controlling nucleic acid mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of NATs based on complementarity to processed sense transcripts in exonic regions.
  • Analysis of co-expressed sense transcripts and NATs.
  • Characterization of endo-siRNAs derived from NATs.

Main Results:

  • A defined subset of NATs, complementary to processed sense transcripts in exonic regions, can be identified.
  • NATs are proposed as important biological sources of endo-siRNAs.
  • Endo-siRNAs are suggested to be integral to a regulatory network controlling mutagenic burden at the nucleic acid level.

Conclusions:

  • Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are structurally defined and serve as significant sources of endo-siRNAs.
  • Endo-siRNAs derived from NATs are proposed to be essential regulators of nucleic acid integrity, managing mutations without impacting protein expression.