A case of elevated liver function tests after crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster planci) envenomation

Area of Science:

• Marine Biology
• Toxicology
• Dermatology

Background:

• The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is a venomous marine species found in Indo-Pacific coral reefs.
• Its venomous spines can cause significant pain, inflammation, and potential infection upon human contact.
• Previous studies indicated potential liver effects in animal models, but human hepatic toxicity remained undocumented.

Observation:

• A 19-year-old female presented with puncture wounds from Acanthaster planci spines.
• Clinical observation revealed symptoms consistent with envenomation, including localized pain and swelling.
• Laboratory tests showed elevated liver enzymes (transaminitis) in the patient.

Findings:

• This case represents the first documented instance of transaminitis in a human following Acanthaster planci envenomation.
• The findings suggest that A. planci venom can induce hepatic toxicity in humans.
• The severity of hepatic effects may vary depending on the extent of envenomation.

Implications:

• Highlights the potential systemic effects of crown-of-thorns starfish envenomation beyond local injury.
• Underscores the need for further research into the toxicological profile of A. planci venom in humans.
• Informs medical professionals about the possibility of hepatic involvement in patients with A. planci spine injuries.