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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
10:22

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency

Published on: June 29, 2021

Allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Verena Niederberger1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. verena.niederberger@meduniwien.ac.at

Immunology Letters
|December 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergy prevalence has surged, affecting over 25% in industrialized nations. Immunotherapy offers a unique long-term solution for allergic diseases, unlike symptom-alleviating treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Allergy is a growing global health concern, with prevalence increasing significantly in industrialized countries.
  • Initially affecting less than 1% of the population in 1906, allergies now impact over 25% of people.
  • Common allergic conditions include allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, dermatitis, and food allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases.
  • To contrast short-term symptom management with long-term disease modification.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current allergy prevalence data.
  • Comparison of treatment outcomes for various allergy medications versus immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Allergy prevalence has risen dramatically since the term was coined.
  • Standard treatments like corticosteroids and antihistamines manage symptoms but do not alter disease course.
  • Immunotherapy is the only treatment shown to modify allergic disease progression for sustained, long-term improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy provides a disease-modifying approach to allergy treatment.
  • It offers sustained benefits even after treatment cessation, unlike conventional symptomatic therapies.