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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that include the...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution

Published on: August 16, 2016

Semifluxon molecule under control.

Andreas Dewes1, Tobias Gaber, Dieter Koelle

  • 1Physikalisches Institut & Center for Collective Quantum Phenomena, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. dewes@uni-tuebingen.de

Physical Review Letters
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate controllable manipulation of semifluxon molecules in Josephson junctions. This breakthrough advances the potential of semifluxons for use in classical and quantum digital electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Josephson junctions with a pi phase drop support semifluxons, which carry half a magnetic flux quantum (Φ0/2).
  • These semifluxons possess two distinct ground states: clockwise (upward arrow, +Φ0/2) and counterclockwise (downward arrow, -Φ0/2) supercurrent circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the controllable manipulation and state switching of a molecule composed of two coupled semifluxons.
  • To explore the potential of semifluxons for digital electronics applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 0-pi-0 long Josephson junction.
  • Utilizing on-chip SQUIDs to measure the magnetic flux (polarity) of individual semifluxons.
  • Applying a DC bias current to the Josephson junction to control the semifluxon molecule states.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated controllable manipulation and switching between the upward arrow downward arrow and downward arrow upward arrow states of a semifluxon molecule.
  • Successfully controlled the interaction and relative orientation of two coupled semifluxons.

Conclusions:

  • The controllable manipulation of semifluxon molecules represents a significant advancement for their use as bits or qubits.
  • This research paves the way for novel classical and quantum digital electronics based on superconducting phenomena.