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Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law01:07

Gauss's Law

If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at one point must necessarily exit at some other point of the surface. Therefore, if a closed surface does not have any charges inside the enclosed volume, then the electric flux through the surface is zero. What happens to the electric flux if there are some charges inside the enclosed volume? Gauss's law gives a quantitative answer to this question.
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
Gauss's Law: Problem-Solving01:10

Gauss's Law: Problem-Solving

Gauss's law helps determine electric fields even though the law is not directly about electric fields but electric flux. In situations with certain symmetries (spherical, cylindrical, or planar) in the charge distribution, the electric field can be deduced based on the knowledge of the electric flux. In these systems, we can find a Gaussian surface S over which the electric field has a constant magnitude. Furthermore, suppose the electric field is parallel (or antiparallel) to the area vector...
Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Quantum illumination with Gaussian states.

Si-Hui Tan1, Baris I Erkmen, Vittorio Giovannetti

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|December 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum illumination offers a 6 dB advantage in detecting low-reflectivity objects within noisy environments compared to traditional coherent-state transmitters. This enhanced performance is achieved through joint measurements, even without entanglement.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum sensing
  • Optical detection

Background:

  • Detecting low-reflectivity objects in bright thermal-noise baths is challenging for conventional optical sensing.
  • Coherent-state transmitters are standard for optical illumination and detection.
  • Quantum illumination utilizes non-classical light states for enhanced sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of quantum illumination with coherent-state transmitters for object detection.
  • To quantify the advantage of quantum illumination in a high-noise environment.
  • To investigate the role of joint measurements in achieving quantum sensing benefits.

Main Methods:

  • A quantum-illumination transmitter using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) was employed.
  • A coherent-state transmitter was used as a benchmark for comparison.
  • Optimum joint measurements were performed on the returning signal and the SPDC idler beam.

Main Results:

  • The quantum-illumination system demonstrated a 6 dB advantage in the error-probability exponent over the coherent-state system.
  • This performance gain was achieved in the presence of a bright thermal-noise bath.
  • The advantage persisted despite the absence of entanglement between the collected light and the idler beam.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum illumination provides a significant performance improvement for detecting faint objects in noisy conditions.
  • Joint measurements are crucial for realizing the benefits of quantum illumination, even without entanglement.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for enhanced optical sensing and detection technologies.