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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

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Published on: November 2, 2013

Prostate cancer screening: the continuing controversy.

¹Department of Family Medicine, Roy I. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. jason-wilbur@uiowa.edu

American Family Physician

|January 6, 2009

Summary

Prostate cancer screening involves digital rectal exams and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, but their effectiveness is debated due to limitations like false negatives. Shared decision-making is recommended for personalized screening plans.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Preventive Medicine

Background:

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, with significant lifetime prevalence.
Early detection is desirable as symptoms often appear in advanced stages.
Current screening methods include digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the ongoing debate surrounding the merits and methods of prostate cancer screening.
To highlight the limitations of current screening tools, particularly the PSA test.
To inform current guidelines recommending shared decision-making for screening plans.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and screening guidelines for prostate cancer.
Analysis of the accuracy and limitations of digital rectal examination and PSA testing.
Consideration of ongoing research and upcoming clinical trials.

Main Results:

PSA testing has a high false-negative rate (15-38%) and a low positive predictive value (approx. 30%).
Modifications to PSA tests have not been widely adopted due to unclear benefits.
Prostate cancer treatments carry significant risks, including incontinence and sexual dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Current prostate cancer screening methods have notable limitations.
Shared decision-making, incorporating patient-centered discussions, is the recommended approach.
Further evidence from ongoing trials is expected to influence future screening recommendations.