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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
Trophic Levels01:35

Trophic Levels

All organisms in an ecosystem occupy a trophic level in the food chain. The lowest level consists of primary producers, which synthesize their food from either solar or chemical energy. Each subsequent level obtains energy from the levels below. Detritivores can occupy any of the levels above primary producers.
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Published on: March 31, 2023

Global warming tugs at trophic interactions.

Barry W Brook1

  • 1Research Institute for Climate Change and Sustainability, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

The Journal of Animal Ecology
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change forces species to reproduce earlier. A long-term study shows that disrupted food webs, not just timing, significantly impact species survival in a warming world.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and evolutionary biology
  • Climate change biology
  • Food web dynamics

Background:

  • Global temperatures are rising, approaching 1°C warming.
  • Earlier reproduction (phenological shifts) is a key biological response.
  • Species may lack the adaptive plasticity to adjust to climate change, reducing fitness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term impacts of climate change on a specific food web.
  • To determine if disrupted trophic interactions are a significant factor in species fitness.
  • To explore the interplay between phenological synchrony and predation risk.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term ecological study of an oak-caterpillar-songbird-sparrowhawk food web.
  • Analysis of phenological timing shifts in response to climate change.
  • Assessment of trophic interactions and their disruption.

Main Results:

  • Climate change is altering the timing of reproduction across trophic levels.
  • Disruption of trophic interactions poses a significant challenge to species.
  • Species face a conflict between aligning with food availability and avoiding predators.

Conclusions:

  • Phenological synchrony alone may not be sufficient for species survival under climate change.
  • Disrupted food webs present a critical threat, requiring consideration in conservation strategies.
  • Understanding the complex selective pressures is vital for predicting ecological responses to warming.