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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Preference invites categorization.

Rachel Smallman1, Neal J Roese

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. rsmallm2@illinois.edu

Psychological Science
|January 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positive affect typically simplifies categorization. However, this study found that developing a preference for items leads to finer, more detailed categorization, independent of expertise.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Previous research suggests positive affect leads to less differentiated categorization.
  • Expertise is known to influence categorization processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether preference influences categorization independently of expertise.
  • To explore the relationship between affect, preference, and categorization detail.

Main Methods:

  • An associative conditioning task was employed to create novel preferences.
  • Participants were exposed to novel symbols paired with positively or negatively valenced photographs.
  • Categorization of these novel symbols was then assessed.

Main Results:

  • Preference, even when affectively pleasant, led to finer categorization.
  • This effect of preference on categorization was observed independently of pre-existing expertise.
  • Affective conditioning successfully created new preferences.

Conclusions:

  • Preference can drive more detailed cognitive processing and categorization, contrary to general positive affect effects.
  • Findings challenge existing theories of affect and cognitive processing.
  • Implications for understanding consumer behavior and goal pursuit are suggested.