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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
To address...
Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...
Fatigue Strength of Concrete01:22

Fatigue Strength of Concrete

Fatigue, in the context of materials science and engineering, refers to the weakening or failure of a material caused by repeatedly applied loads, even if these loads are below the strength limit of the material. Fatigue strength in concrete is a critical property that influences its durability and longevity. Concrete can fail in two ways due to fatigue. Static fatigue or creep rupture occurs under a constant load or one that increases slowly. The other failure mode is due to cyclical or...
Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Workability of Concrete01:25

Workability of Concrete

The workability of concrete is a crucial property that affects its handling, placing, and finishing during construction. It describes the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, compacted, and finished. Workability is primarily concerned with the concrete's movement and its ability to resist internal friction and external resistance from molds and reinforcements during the application process.
Concrete's workability is determined by its resistance to internal forces that arise when...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
14:13

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Published on: March 7, 2020

Age, work limitations and physical functioning among construction roofers.

Laura S Welch1, Elizabeth Haile, Leslie I Boden

  • 1CPWR, 8484 Georgia Ave, Suite 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. lwelch@cpwr.com

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|January 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older construction roofers (40-59) with medical or musculoskeletal conditions experience more work limitations and reduced physical function. These health issues increase their risk for disability retirement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
14:13

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Published on: March 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Aging workforce presents unique challenges in physically demanding jobs.
  • Construction roofers aged 40-59 were studied to understand health and work impacts.
  • Focus on intersection of age, chronic conditions, and physical functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how aging, chronic medical conditions, and musculoskeletal disorders affect U.S. construction roofers.
  • Assess the relationship between these factors and work limitations, physical functioning, and missed work.
  • Evaluate the risk of disability retirement in older workers.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of unionized U.S. construction roofers aged 40-59.
  • Assessed presence of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
  • Utilized Work Limitations Questionnaire and SF-12 for functional and health status assessment.

Main Results:

  • 69% of roofers reported at least one condition in the prior two years; 31% missed work.
  • Workers with medical/musculoskeletal conditions were older, had more work limitations, and lower SF-12 scores.
  • Older age correlated with medical conditions and decreased physical functioning.

Conclusions:

  • Medical and musculoskeletal conditions are strongly linked to work limitations, missed work, and reduced physical functioning in roofers.
  • Older roofers face a higher risk of disability retirement compared to younger counterparts with similar health issues.
  • Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support older workers in physically demanding occupations.