Ion and pH effect on the lower critical solution temperature phase behavior in neutral and acidic...

Ion and pH effects on the phase transition behaviors are studied with a series of thermosensitive neutral and acidic poly(organophosphazene) counterparts. Poly(organophosphazenes) are substituted by hydrophobic L-isoleucine ethyl ester (IleOEt) and hydrophilic alpha-amino-omega-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) 550 Da (PEG550) together with a relatively small amount of glycylglycine ally ester (GlyGlyOALL). After deprotection, GlyGlyOALL changes into glycylglycine (GlyGlyOH), and neutral GlyGlyOALL and acidic GlyGlyOH polymers with same substituent ratios are compared as counterparts. All the synthesized poly(organophosphazenes) in this work exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for which sequential phase transitions are suggested: (i) homogeneous solution, (ii) homogeneous gel, (iii) heterogeneous gel, to (iv) heterogeneous solution as hydrophobicity increases either driven by temperature or substituent composition. Ions act on the hydrophobicity modification of the polymers where the polymers with lower hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratios are more sensitively salted-out by NaCl, while those with higher ratios are more effectively salted-in by NaI. At higher concentration of the added ions, the acid group effect on the cloud point becomes deactivated. Meanwhile, because of the conflicting role of amine and carboxylic acid in pH-responsiveness, neutral and acidic polymer counterparts exhibit opposite tendencies in the cloud points. Systematically controlled responsiveness to temperature, ion, and pH changes are created in random amphiphilic graft copolymers, poly(organophosphazenes). The results highlight the importance of the cooperative function of the dominant components in the poly(organophosphazenes) and also expand the general understanding in designing stimuli-responsive smart materials especially useful for various biomedical applications.