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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
10:03

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Published on: June 27, 2014

Reflectometric interference spectroscopy.

Guenther Proll1, Goran Markovic, Lutz Steinle

  • 1Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) offers advantages over surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for direct optical detection. Optimized surface chemistry minimizes nonspecific binding and maximizes recognition sites, overcoming key challenges in biosensing.

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Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Published on: April 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Refractometric surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a commercialized biosensing technique.
  • Direct optical detection methods face challenges with nonspecific binding and limited recognition site density.
  • Sophisticated surface chemistry is crucial for enhancing the performance of optical biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare reflectometry with commercialized refractometric SPR.
  • To highlight the advantages of direct optical detection using reflectometry.
  • To detail instrumental realization and surface chemistry for reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS).

Main Methods:

  • Instrumental realization of reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS).
  • Development of sophisticated surface chemistry for biopolymer sensitive layers.
  • Establishment of a standard protocol for a binding inhibition assay.

Main Results:

  • Reflectometry demonstrates advantages for direct optical detection compared to SPR.
  • Optimized surface chemistry achieved negligible nonspecific binding and high loading of recognition sites.
  • The RIfS technique, with optimized surface chemistry, overcomes principal problems of direct optical detection.

Conclusions:

  • Reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) presents a viable and advantageous alternative to SPR for biosensing applications.
  • Advanced surface chemistry is key to unlocking the full potential of RIfS for sensitive and specific biomolecular detection.
  • The developed RIfS protocol effectively addresses limitations inherent in direct optical detection methods.