A signal-amplified electrochemical immunosensor for aflatoxin B(1) determination in rice

A sensitive and simple electrochemical immunosensor based on enzymatic silver deposition amplification was constructed for the detection of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in rice. The immunosensor was based on an indirect competitive format between free AFB(1) and aflatoxin B(1)-bovine serum albumin (AFB(1)-BSA) conjugate immobilized on the electrode surface for binding to a fixed amount of anti-AFB(1) antibody. Then the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) secondary antibody was bound to the electrode surface through reaction with primary antibody. Finally, ALP catalyzed the substrate, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, into ascorbic acid that reduced silver ions in solution to metal silver deposited onto the electrode surface. Linear sweep voltammetry was carried out to quantify the metal silver, which indirectly reflected the amount of the analyte. The experimental parameters, such as the dilution ratio of antibody and the concentration of AFB(1)-BSA conjugate, have been evaluated and optimized. At the optimal conditions, the working range of the electrochemical immunosensor was from 0.1 to 10 ng/ml with a detection limit of 0.06 ng/ml. Good recoveries were obtained for the detection of spiked rice samples. So, the proposed method in this article could find a good use for screening AFB(1) in real samples.