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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Midrange01:07

Midrange

A somewhat easy to compute quantitative estimate of a data set’s central tendency is its midrange, which is defined as the mean of the minimum and maximum values of an ordered data set.
Simply put, the midrange is half of the data set’s range. Similar to the mean, the midrange is sensitive to the extreme values and hence the prospective outliers. However, unlike the mean, the midrange is not sensitive to all the values of the data set that lie in the middle. Thus, it is prone to outliers and...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
07:27

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Published on: August 19, 2020

The CBC: reference ranges for neonates.

Robert D Christensen1, Erick Henry, Jeff Jopling

  • 1Department of Women and Newborns, Intermountain Healthcare, Institute for Healthcare Delivery Research, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. rdchris@ihc.com

Seminars in Perinatology
|January 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Establishing neonatal blood count reference ranges is crucial as normal values are unavailable. This study provides updated reference ranges for complete blood count (CBC) elements in neonates, aiding clinical practice.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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07:27

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Published on: August 19, 2020

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Establishing normal blood parameter values for neonates is challenging due to ethical considerations against routine blood draws from healthy infants.
  • Current practice relies on reference ranges derived from neonates with minimal pathology, approximating normal values.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish comprehensive reference ranges for complete blood count (CBC) parameters in neonates.
  • To provide updated hematological data for various gestational and postnatal ages in the neonatal population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale databases from Intermountain Healthcare, a major US healthcare system.
  • Employed modern automated hematology analyzers for precise blood parameter measurements.
  • Leveraged electronic data repositories for clinical and laboratory information.

Main Results:

  • Compiled and presents reference ranges (5th to 95th percentile) for key CBC elements in neonates.
  • Data stratified by various gestational and postnatal ages, offering detailed insights.
  • Highlights the utility of large datasets and advanced analyzers in establishing neonatal reference ranges.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established robust reference ranges for neonatal CBC parameters.
  • These updated ranges are vital for accurate interpretation of blood tests in neonates.
  • Facilitates improved diagnosis and management of neonatal conditions through precise hematological assessment.