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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
17:14

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Transport through a single octanethiol molecule.

Daan Kockman1, Bene Poelsema, Harold J W Zandvliet

  • 1Physical Aspects of Nanoelectronics and Solid State Physics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. d.kockmann@utwente.nl

Nano Letters
|February 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Octanethiol molecules on platinum chains exhibit a single-molecule resistance of 100-150 MΩ. The molecule

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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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18:57

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular electronics

Background:

  • Understanding molecular behavior on metallic nanostructures is crucial for developing advanced electronic devices.
  • Platinum (Pt) chains offer unique electronic properties for molecular assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adsorption and electronic transport properties of octanethiol molecules on platinum chains.
  • To characterize the single-molecule resistance of octanethiol on Pt.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy were employed at cryogenic temperatures (77 K).
  • Open-loop current-time traces were recorded to observe molecular dynamics and electronic transport.

Main Results:

  • Octanethiol molecules chemisorbed onto Pt atoms with their tails lying flat.
  • Dynamic "tail wagging" of the molecule was observed, leading to attachment to the STM tip.
  • This interaction caused a significant current increase, enabling resistance measurement.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a novel mechanism for current enhancement in molecular junctions.
  • Single-molecule resistance of octanethiol on Pt chains was determined to be in the range of 100-150 MΩ.
  • These findings provide insights into molecular electronics and nanoscale device fabrication.