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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

Regulating highly dynamic unstructured proteins and their coding mRNAs.

Buyong Ma1, Ruth Nussinov

  • 1Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.

Genome Biology
|February 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals how intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) and their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) coordinate their lifespans and shapes. This orchestration enables precise, rapid, and adaptable biological regulation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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Published on: March 3, 2015

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) lack stable three-dimensional structures.
  • The dynamic nature of IUPs and their corresponding mRNAs is crucial for cellular processes.
  • Understanding the interplay between IUPs and mRNAs is key to deciphering biological control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordinated regulation of IUP and mRNA lifetimes.
  • To explore how the conformational dynamics of IUPs and mRNAs contribute to biological control.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms ensuring precision, speed, and flexibility in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of protein and mRNA dynamics.
  • Biochemical assays to determine protein and mRNA stability.
  • Live-cell imaging to observe conformational changes in real-time.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a direct correlation between mRNA lifespan and IUP conformational flexibility.
  • Identified specific regulatory elements on mRNA that modulate IUP binding and stability.
  • Showcased how this dynamic interplay allows for rapid responses to cellular signals.

Conclusions:

  • The coordinated dynamics of IUPs and mRNAs represent a fundamental regulatory strategy in biology.
  • This mechanism provides a framework for understanding cellular adaptability and responsiveness.
  • Further research into IUP-mRNA interactions could reveal new therapeutic targets.