[Short-term and long-term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Internal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
• Understanding in-hospital mortality causes and long-term prognostic factors is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
• Identifying specific risk factors, such as diabetes, can guide targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the one-year mortality rate following hospitalization for acute MI.
• To identify the primary causes of in-hospital death among these patients.
• To evaluate the impact of risk factors, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), on long-term survival.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of hospitalized acute myocardial infarction patients.
• Assessment of mortality within one year post-hospitalization.
• Statistical analysis to identify causes of death and prognostic factors, including the influence of DM.

Main Results:

• Cardiogenic shock (52.5%) and arrhythmias (24.4%) were the most frequent causes of fatal outcomes.
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with a significantly poorer 7-year survival rate in patients with previous MI.
• Survival rates differed notably between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

• Acute MI carries a substantial risk of mortality, with cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias being primary drivers of in-hospital death.
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a significant negative prognostic factor, substantially reducing long-term survival in post-MI patients.
• Effective management of type 2 diabetes is essential for improving the long-term prognosis of myocardial infarction survivors.