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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Hallux sesamoid disorders.

Bruce E Cohen1

  • 1OrthoCarolina Foot and Ankle Institute, 1001 Blythe Boulevard, Suite 200, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA. bruce.cohen@orthocarolina.com

Foot and Ankle Clinics
|February 24, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sesamoid disorders cause forefoot pain due to fractures, osteonecrosis, and sesamoiditis. Treatment ranges from conservative orthotics to surgical sesamoidectomy, with outcomes reviewed.

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

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Published on: October 28, 2022

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Sesamoid disorders are frequent causes of forefoot pain.
  • The sesamoid complex is susceptible to various pathologies due to mechanical stress and anatomical variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnosis and treatment of sesamoid complex disorders.
  • To review the outcomes of different treatment modalities for sesamoid disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common sesamoid pathologies including fractures, nonunions, osteonecrosis, chondromalacia, and sesamoiditis.
  • Discussion of conservative treatments such as orthotics and immobilization.
  • Overview of surgical interventions including fixation and sesamoidectomy.

Main Results:

  • Various pathologies affect the sesamoid complex, leading to forefoot pain.
  • Treatment strategies vary from conservative to surgical, depending on the specific condition.
  • Outcomes of these treatments are reviewed in the article.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of sesamoid disorders.
  • A range of treatment options are available, tailored to individual patient needs and conditions.
  • Understanding treatment outcomes aids in clinical decision-making for sesamoid complex pathologies.